How Abdominal Massage May Support the Vagus Nerve and Relaxation

Key takeaways

  • Abdominal massage is a self-directed practice that uses gentle pressure from a soft, grippy ball like the Coregeous® Ball to explore sensation, breath, and relaxation in the belly.
  • The vagus nerve passes through the diaphragm into the abdomen so belly breathing and abdominal massage may help stimulate vagal pathways associated with rest-and-digest responses.
  • Breath is your best guide. If you can take full, easy belly breaths, the pressure is likely right. If you cannot, reduce air in the ball or change position.
  • Practice on an empty stomach, a few hours after eating, starting with just a couple of minutes and building gradually.
  • This is self-care, not medical treatment. People living with autoimmune conditions may find it a supportive part of their routine, and anyone with a medical condition, recent surgery, or ongoing pain should check with a qualified healthcare provider first.

In my last post I talked about the role of the vagus nerve in reducing systemic inflammation and introduced the idea that abdominal massage might be a powerful tool for the many people suffering from autoimmune disorders. In this post, I will continue to expand on the science and theory behind this idea, as well as at-home abdominal exercises and techniques which you can do yourself.

Many of you are probably familiar with the work of Dr. Datis Kharrazian, whose books on thyroid and brain health are very popular among those of us interested in holistic health and functional medicine as it relates to autoimmune conditions. In Dr. K.’s book, “Why Isn’t My Brain Working?” he establishes the connection between gut and brain health and the vagus nerve’s important role in that connection. In fact, he asserts that digestive issues, such as slow motility, are often a sign of neurodegenerative issues. He recommends various techniques people can use to stimulate the vagus nerve, such as gargling, inducing the gag reflex, and singing loudly to improve the brain-gut axis. [1]

I raise this issue not to confuse my point about quelling inflammation, but to highlight the link between leaky gut, autoimmune issues, and vagal tone, and to mention the benefits of abdominal massage on the digestive system. Rolling really helps get things moving along in the digestive tract.  This is due in part to the manual aspect of massage, but also highlights again the role of the vagus nerve on the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic response increases cardiac activity and decreases digestion (when you need to run away from a tiger, your body won’t waste energy on digesting your lunch, it gets your heart pumping and sends blood to your extremities so you can run fast!); the parasympathetic system decreases heart rate (but increases heart rate variability) and increases digestion.

So, rolling right along, let’s circle back to the idea of abdominal self massage as a potential treatment for reducing the inflammation seen in autoimmune conditions. While there are no studies that I have found that either support or refute this claim, since it is a non-invasive technique that could potentially have a very positive impact on your health, it stands to reason that it is worth a try if you are attempting to heal or manage an autoimmune condition. It is very inexpensive and convenient, since it can be done in the privacy of your own home.

What Is Abdominal Massage?

Abdominal massage is a hands-on or tool-assisted practice that applies gentle, sustained pressure to the belly. When done as self-massage with a soft ball, it invites you to slow down, breathe into your abdomen, and notice how the area feels and responds.

Your autonomic nervous system has two main modes. The sympathetic, or “fight or flight,” response speeds up heart rate and puts digestion on the back burner (when you need to run from a tiger, your body won’t waste energy digesting lunch). The parasympathetic, or “rest and digest,” response slows the heart and supports digestion. Abdominal massage is one way to create conditions that encourage that second state.

The Vagus Nerve and Your Belly

The vagus nerve runs from your brainstem all the way into your abdomen. Because of that path, the sensory input from abdominal massage may help stimulate the vagus nerve and support responses linked to rest and recovery.

Breath, the Diaphragm, and Vagal Pathways

The diaphragm is the parachute-shaped muscle of respiration that separates your chest from your abdominal cavity, and the vagus nerve passes right through it. The more the diaphragm moves, the more stimulation it provides to the vagus nerve, which is why deep breathing is associated with calm feelings.

Lying prone with the Coregeous® ball under your abdomen increases the feeling of the breath. The diaphragm, in addition to its dome of muscle, also has little “tails,” call the crura, that come down and attach onto the lumbar spine (think of the pull cords of the parachute). Abdominal massage with the Coregeous® ball, helps to relieve tension in these “tails,” and in the rest of the diaphragm, allowing it to move more freely during respiration. This effect is especially noticeable to those who have suffered from respiratory problems, such as asthma, who might have even more constriction in these areas. (An additional benefit can be reduced low back pain, due to those attachments on the lumbar spine and their close relationship to the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles, often associated as the culprits in low back issues.)

Fascia, Sensation, and the Relaxation Response

Conducting abdominal massage with the Coregeous® ball also mobilizes fascia, the connective tissue of the body. Fascia is rich with Ruffini endings, which also help to turn on our parasympathetic nervous system, inducing the relaxation response, and decreasing inflammation. The grippy texture of the Coregeous® ball helps in this process, as it has the ability to grab the skin and underlying fascia, helping to mobilize it. Having the ball directly against your skin makes it more effective.

Abdominal Massage Benefits You May Notice

Everyone responds differently, but people who practice abdominal massage regularly often report:

  • A calmer, more settled feeling in the body and mind
  • Easier, fuller belly breathing
  • A greater sense of ease in the abdomen and low back
  • Digestion that feels more comfortable (the pressure and movement may help things feel like they are “moving along”)
  • Better body literacy, meaning a clearer sense of what their belly feels like day to day

Anyone who has had abdominal or bowel surgery will have additional benefits from rolling, as it can help to soften scar tissue in the region.

Abdominal Massage and Autoimmune Conditions: A Personal Perspective

I live with Rheumatoid Disease, and abdominal massage has become part of how I care for myself. I have not found studies that confirm or rule out a direct effect of abdominal self-massage on autoimmune inflammation, so I share this as my own experience, not as a promise. What I can say is that it is non-invasive, inexpensive, and something I can do privately at home.

One question comes up often for those of us with autoimmune conditions. The gut is home to a large number of lymph nodes. Massage can help to move the lymph and rid the body of toxins, stimulating the immune system. The question exists of whether stimulating the immune system in this way can increase an autoimmune response? I personally haven’t found that to be the case, however, I recommend that you start any new treatment slowly, allowing time for you to evaluate how your system is reacting. Remember, we are all different and might have different results.

How to Do a Self Abdominal Massage With the Coregeous® Ball

I recommend the Coregeous® ball because it is soft, grippy, and designed for the abdomen. Firmer or smaller balls concentrate pressure in ways that may not feel appropriate for this sensitive area.

Before You Start

  • Inflate the ball to about 85%, although you can begin with less air if you experience too much pressure in your abdomen. This is particularly important to note if you have had surgery or any type of physical or emotional trauma that has impacted your gut.
  • Practice on an empty stomach, a few hours after eating. Rolling on a full stomach can be uncomfortable. I like to roll before breakfast as part of my morning ritual, and bedtime is another lovely option.
  • Learn the difference between discomfort and pain. Abdominal massage can feel unfamiliar at first. If you can still breathe fully, continue. If you cannot take a full breath, back off or modify. Pain tends to shift the body toward a protective, fight-or-flight state, which is the opposite of what you want here.

Step 1: Belly Breathing on the Ball

Lie down on the floor on your belly with the ball underneath your abdomen (under your belly button). Breathe in through your nose, sending the breath into your belly. Feel your belly press into the ball on the inhale, and feel the ball expanding into your abdomen as your exhale through your nose. Continue here for several breaths to several minutes, as you get used to the feeling. If the pressure is too intense, follow my suggestion for modifying below.

You want to be able to take full abdominal breaths throughout this practice. If you can’t due to pain, then you need to modify, or your efforts will be counterproductive. If the body senses pain, it reverts to survival mode; in other words, you are turning on the sympathetic – or fight or flight – nervous system, not the parasympathetic or relaxation response that you want.

However, you may find abdominal massage to be uncomfortable at first. Learn to listen to your body to determine the difference between discomfort and pain. Usually your breath will be a good indicator. If you can’t take a full breath, modify or back off. If you can still breathe fully, despite some discomfort, continue.

Step 2: Contract Relax Breathing

Continue with the ball under your belly button, inhale and inflate your belly, pressing it into the ball, then retain your breath for a couple seconds, contracting the muscles of your core and spine, before exhaling fully through your nose, relaxing your muscles and allowing the ball to excavate deeply into your abdomen. Again, continue this for a several breaths.

Skip the breath pause if you have high blood pressure, glaucoma, or are pregnant, and check with your healthcare provider if you are unsure.

Step 3: Slow Exploratory Rolling

You can then return to regular abdominal breathing while slowly rolling around on the ball, allowing the ball to explore all the areas of your abdomen, as if on a search and rescue mission for hidden tensions. If you find a spot where there is greater tension, consider lingering there while breathing deeply into the area.

How to modify if the pressure is too intense:

  • Decrease amount of air in the ball. Experiment to find the right amount of air for you. You can add more air later when you are ready.
  • Use a Wall. Modify your practice if the pressure is too intense, instead of lying on the ball, lean against a wall pinning the ball under your belly. In the case you have significant scarring or trauma, lie on your back, and just use your hands to roll the ball on your abdomen.

Build up to deeper work slowly.

How Often Should You Do Abdominal Massage?

Start slowly, with just a couple minutes for the entire practice, as you see how your body responds.

If there are no negative reactions, continue to gradually build the time you spend rolling on the Coregeous® ball. There is no hard and fast rule for how long you should do it. Use your body as a guide, rolling for as long as feels good to you. Practicing daily will yield the greatest results.

Abdominal Massage FAQs

What does abdominal massage do?

Abdominal massage applies gentle pressure to the belly, which many people find calming and helpful for breathing and comfort. It may help stimulate the vagus nerve and encourage the body’s rest-and-digest responses.

Can abdominal massage stimulate the vagus nerve?

The vagus nerve travels through the diaphragm and into the abdomen, so the sensory input from abdominal massage and slow belly breathing may help stimulate vagal pathways associated with relaxation. Responses vary from person to person.

Is abdominal massage safe for people with autoimmune conditions?

Many people living with autoimmune conditions include gentle abdominal massage in their self-care routines. Start slowly, notice how you respond, and check with your healthcare provider, especially during a flare or after surgery.

When is the best time to do abdominal massage?

On an empty stomach, a few hours after eating. Morning before breakfast and bedtime are both popular times.

What kind of ball is best for abdominal massage?

A soft, air-filled, grippy ball like the Coregeous® Ball is designed for the abdomen. It adapts to your belly and adds gentle shear to the skin and tissue beneath.

Build a Self-Care Practice You Control

A calmer nervous system, easier breathing, and a more comfortable belly are all things you can explore on your own terms, in just a few minutes a day. Best of all, it is a practice you control yourself.

Self-care is healthcare at its best.

New to Self Massage? Start here! Self Myofascial Release Techniques Using Massage Balls [button]

Regulate Your Nervous System Through Breath. Learn More about Body by Breath Online Immersion.

Tune Up Fitness teaches educational self-care practices that may help stimulate the vagus nerve and support relaxation and resilience. These practices are not medical treatment. For injuries, medical conditions, or ongoing pain, consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Decreased stress, improved digestion, better detoxification, reduced inflammation and decreased pain are the rewards that await you. Best of all, it is a practice that you control yourself.

Self-care is truly healthcare at its best!

Sources:

  1. A review of Dr. Kharrazian’s brain book and the link between the brain and the gut.
  2. “Soothing Stress with Yoga Tune Up® Therapy Balls.” http://www.yogatuneup.com/blog/2014/10/03/the-immune-response-and-deep-breathing/ with link to Youtube video featuring Jill Miller demonstrating “Gut Smash” with the Coregeous® ball. An article that explains why deep pressure massage with Yoga Tune Up® Therapy Balls helps to relieve pain.

Comments (73)

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *